ISSN-L: 0798-1015   •   eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea)

Vol. 46 (Nº 03) Año 2025. Art. 4

Recibido/Received: 14/02/2025 • Aprobado/Approuved: 17/04/2025 • Publicado/Published: 30/05/2025
DOI: 10.48082/espacios-a25v46n03p04

Relaciones colaborativas y sostenibilidad en microempresas metalmecánicas: un estudio cualitativo del clúster industrial en Villa El Salvador, Perú

Collaborative Relationships and Sustainability in Metalworking Microenterprises: A Qualitative Study of the Industrial Cluster in Villa El Salvador, Peru

PILLIHUAMAN HUAMANI, Juan C. 1 

Resumen
Este estudio analiza las relaciones colaborativas y sostenibilidad en microempresas metalmecánicas ubicadas en el Parque Industrial de Villa El Salvador, Perú. El análisis con enfoque cualitativo permitió identificar dinámicas relevantes en: trabajo en red, articulación intra-clúster, cooperación externa, acceso colectivo a recursos y sostenibilidad. Los resultados muestran un reconocimiento sobre el valor del clúster y que las relaciones colaborativas son aún informales, fragmentadas y con bajo nivel de estructuración. Se concluye que la consolidación del clúster depende de la articulación territorial y de la cooperación entre ellas.
Palabras clave: innovación, clúster, sostenibilidad, competitividad, productividad

Abstract
This study analyzes collaborative relationships and sustainability among metalworking microenterprises located in the Industrial Park of Villa El Salvador, Peru. Using a qualitative approach, the research identified key dynamics in five areas: networking, intra-cluster articulation, external cooperation, collective access to resources, and sustainability. The findings reveal that while there is a general acknowledgment of the cluster’s value, collaborative relationships remain informal, fragmented, and poorly structured. The study concludes that the consolidation of the cluster relies on territorial articulation and strengthened cooperation among the enterprises involved.
Key words: innovation, sustainability, competitiveness, cluster, productivity

ARTÍCULO COMPLETO/FULL ARTICLE

Referencias

Aboal, D., Crespi, G., & Perera, M. (2020). How effective are cluster development policies? Evidence from Uruguay. World Development, 18, 100196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100196

Abraham, E. J., Al-Mohannadi, D. M., & Linke, P. (2022). Resource integration of industrial parks over time. Computers & Chemical Engineering, 164, 107886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107886

Annamalah, S., Aravindan, K. L., Raman, M., & Paraman, P. (2022). SME engagement with open innovation: Commitments and challenges towards collaborative innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030146

Bottai, C., Crosato, L., Domenech, J., Guerzoni, M., & Liberati, C. (2024). Scraping innovativeness from corporate websites: Empirical evidence on Italian manufacturing SMEs. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 207, 123597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123597

Cañizales, A. F., & Granobles, J. C. (2024). Competitividad del clúster de la construcción en Medellín, Colombia: análisis desde las economías de aglomeración. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 29(11), 453-466. https://doi.org/10.52080/rvgluz.29.e11.27

Danesh Shakib, M. (2020). Using system dynamics to evaluate policies for industrial clusters development. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 147, 106637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2020.106637

Dhondt, N., Mendez Alva, F., & Van Eetvelde, G. (2024). Introducing industrial clusters in multi-node energy system modelling by the application of the industry–infrastructure quadrant. Sustainability, 16(6), 2585. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062585

Ferasso, M., & Grenier, C. (2021). Fostering SME's co-development of innovative projects in biotech clusters: Extending the sets of enablers for the knowledge creation process. Technology in Society, 67, 101729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101729

Gherghina, S. C., Botezatu, M. A., Hosszu, A., & Simionescu, L. N. (2019). Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): The Engine of Economic Growth through Investments and Innovation. Sustainability, 12(1), 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010347

Hu, W., Tian, J., & Chen, L. (2021). An industrial structure adjustment model to facilitate high-quality development of an eco-industrial park. Science of the Total Environment, 766, 142502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142502

lqbal, M., & Suzianti, A. (2021). New product development process design for small and medium enterprises: A systematic literature review from the perspective of open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(2), 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7020153

Janipour, Z., de Gooyert, V., Huijbregts, M., & de Coninck, H. (2023). Industrial clustering as a barrier and an enabler for deep emission reduction: A case study of a Dutch chemical cluster. Climate Policy, 22(3), 320-338. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2025755

Kim, H., Hwang, S. J., & Yoon, W. (2023). Industry cluster, organizational diversity, and innovation. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 7(3), 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2023.03.002

McKernan, D., & McDermott, O. (2024). Industrial clusters, creating a strategy for continued success. Heliyon, 10(7), e29220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29220

Medne, A., & Gaile-Sarkane, E. (2021). Management practice in small and medium-sized enterprises: Problems and solutions from the perspective of open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(4), 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7040214

Okuwhere, M. P., Huynh, T., Hoyte, C., & Johnstone, A. (2022). SMEs digitalisation through clustering, the role of open innovation: A research agenda. Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 17(1), 386-393. https://doi.org/10.34190/ecie.17.1.579

Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico. (21 de mayo de 1999). Managing National Innovation Systems. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/industry-and-services/managing-national-innovation-systems_9789264189416-en

Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, 76(6), 77-90. https://hbr.org/1998/11/clusters-and-the-new-economics-of-competition

Porter, M. E. (2007). La ventaja competitiva de las naciones. Harvard Business Review (Edición América Latina), 85(11),69-95.

Rashid, U., Abdullah, M., Khatib, S. F. A., Khan, F. M., & Akhter, J. (2023). Unravelling trends, patterns and intellectual structure of research on bankruptcy in SMEs: A bibliometric assessment and visualisation. Heliyon, 10(2), e24254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24254

Sánchez, E. (2020). Análisis del activo para la innovación en el clúster textil de Paraguay. Reportes científicos de la FACEN, 11(2), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.18004/rcfacen2020.11.02.20

Son, C. H., Oh, D., & Ban, Y. U. (2023). Eco-industrial development strategies and characteristics according to the performance evaluation of eco-industrial park projects in Korea. Journal of Cleaner Production, 416, 137971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137971

Surya, B., Menne, F., Sabhan, H., Suriani, S., Abubakar, H., & Idris, M. (2021). Economic growth, increasing productivity of SMEs, and open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010020

Uwizeyemungu, S., Poba-Nzaou, P., & St-Pierre, J. (2022). Back-end information technology resources and manufacturing SMEs’ export commitment: An empirical investigation. International Business Review, 31(5), 102005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2022.102005

Villarán, F. (1998). Capitalismo Popular, Pasión y Gloria de las Microempresas en el Perú. Ediciones Congreso del Perú.

Xu, S., Zhong, M., & Wang, Y. (2024). Can innovative industrial clusters enhance urban economic resilience? A quasi-natural experiment based on an innovative pilot policy. Energy Economics, 134, 107544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2024.107544

Zhao, Y., Yang, M., Peng, X., & Li, G. (2022). Research on SMEs’ credit risk evaluation index system from the perspective of supply chain finance. Procedia Computer Science, 214, 613-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.11.219

1. Docente Universitario. Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur - UNTELS. Perú. jpillih@hotmail.com