Critical analysis of the cluster approach in MSEs: internal capabilities, governance and competitive sustainability

Abstract

The cluster approach in MYPES is critically analyzed through a comparative review of recent investigations on competitiveness, innovation and business cooperation. The hallmarks show that territorial proximity does not guarantee sustainable gains without internal capabilities, absorption capacity, effective governance and continuous organizational learning. Inequalities in the transfer of knowledge, sectoral differences and vulnerabilities derived from productive interdependence are identified. It is concluded that clusters must be understood as dynamic systems conditioned by institutional, territorial and organizational factors.