ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea)
https://www.revistaespacios.com Pag. 87
Vol. 43 (03) 2023 • Art. 7!
Recibido/Received: 31/01/2023 Aprobado/Approved: 12/03/2023 Publicado/Published: 15/03/2023
DOI: 10.48082/espacios-a23v44n03p07
Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos
extensivos: caso de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio
de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia
Financial optimization of the use of drones in extensive crops: case study of rice cultivation
in the Municipality of Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia
MALDONADO, Iván D.1
REYES, Diana M.2
Resumen
Este documento muestra los beneficios financieros que se obtienen al utilizar drones para fumigación y
control en agricultura de precisión, caso particular en cultivos de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad,
departamento de Casanare, Colombia. Se analizan documentos que plantean las ventajas del uso de
este tipo de tecnología y su relación con los costos operativos, de insumos y en mano de obra; además,
muestra la disminución de tiempo en la fumigación comparado con los métodos tradicionales de
fumigación manual.
Palabras clave: dron, optimización financiera, cultivos extensivos
Abstract
This document shows the financial benefits obtained by using drones for spraying and control in
precision agriculture, particularly rice crops in the municipality of Trinidad, department of Casanare,
Colombia. Documents have been analyzed to show the advantages of using this type of technology in
relation with operating costs, inputs and labor; also, it shows the decrease in time of spraying, compared
to traditional methods such as manual spraying.
Key words: drone, financial optimization, field crops
1. Introducción
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AB(*$,'CD#%-/'!#,!'1<:!EFGHI<!
1 Candidato a Magister en administración con énfasis en gerencia de proyectos, Ingeniero Electrónico, profesor ocasional, Escuela de Ingeniería
Electrónica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, ivan.maldonado02@uptc.edu.co
2 Maestría en relaciones internacionales , Administradora de empresas, profesor ocasional, Facultad Seccional sogamoso, Escuela de Administración
de empresas, Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 88
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 89
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 90
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 91
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 92
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2. Metodología
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 93
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2.1. Métodos de investigación
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2.2. Fases de la investigación
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 94
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Figura 1
Trazado programado en el dron
Fuente: Elaboración propia
Figura 2
Estudio del terreno
Fuente: Elaboración propia
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 95
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2.3. Técnicas para la recolección de información
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 96
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3. Resultados y discusión
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Tabla 1
Comparativo de formas de fumigación para desmalezado
de terreno precultivo, caso en terreno de 47 ha
Tecnología utilizada
Avioneta
Manual
Dron
Tiempo utilizado para fumigar el terreno (horas)
5
24
11
Uso de agua por hectárea (litros)
2350
4700
188
Costo de fumigación por hectárea (pesos colombianos)
$ 1.880.000
$ 2.115.000
$ 1.880.000
% de Refumigación de parches de maleza
7 %
10 %
2 %
Cantidad de glifosato por hectárea (litros)
302
310
192
Costo total mano de obra fumigación (pesos colombianos)
$ 2.011.600
$ 2.326.500
$ 1.917.600
Fuente: Elaboración propia
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 97
3.1. Etapa de control de plagas y maleza
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Tabla 2
Comparativo de formas de control de
plagas y malezas, caso terreno de 47 ha
Tecnología Utilizada
Avioneta
Dron
Sanjuanero (litros)
23,5
21,15
Humus (litros)
47
42,3
Bim (kilos)
11,7
10,53
Coragen (litros)
2,35
2,115
Axis (litros)
18,8
16,92
Natural oíl (litros)
14,1
12,69
Consumo de agua (litros)
2350
376
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3.2. Resultados finales del cultivo
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Tabla 3
Comparativa de producción
Producción
Producción anterior
Producción con dron
Tonelada/hectárea
5,22
5,58
Producción total (tonelada)
245,34
262,26
Incremento de producción
6,89%
V+#/,#k!=1'>*0'(-;/!50*5-'!
ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 98
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Figura 3
Huellas del tractor vs vuelo del dron
Fuente: Elaboración propia
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 99
Figura 4
Terreno fumigado con dron, sin huellas de tractor
Fuente: Elaboración propia
Figura 5
Estado del cultivo después de la fumigación con dron
Fuente: Elaboración propia
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 100
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4. Conclusiones
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Trabajos futuros
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 101
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Referencias bibliográficas
B18*/$*![*%0L2+#.:!D<!q<!AEFGWI<!=1!+$*!%#!%0*/#$!3!$+!-65'(,*!#/!1'!0#$5*/$'>-1-%'%!$*(-'1!#650#$'0-'1!%#!1'!
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(*/,0*1!%#!#/8#06#%'%#$!#/!1'!51'/,'!%#!'00*.<![#9-$,'!%#!_/-(-'(-;/!R-#/,L8-(':!^:!iGCiW<!
&,,5$khh%*-<*02hGF<eeiGEh0#9C0-(<9^<F<Ee`H!
\#$,!T:!T<:!J#;/!S:!J<:!D?/%#.:!B<:!V1*0#$:!V<:!X!B2+-1#0':!M<!AEFGiI<!B%*5(-*/!3!"#$'00*11*!%#!Z#(/*1*2L'!#/!
B20-(+1,+0'!%#!b0#(-$-;/<!D-/-$,#0-*!%#!B20-(+1,+0'!R&-1#<!
R'01':!J<:!J3:!Z<:!_0#/#:!J<:!X!T-#$4+?/:!T<!AEFF^I<!Z?(/-('$!#!-/$,0+6#/,*$!%#!0#(*1#((-;/!%#!%',*$<!d/-9#0$-%'%!
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 102
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. & REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 103
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ISSN-L: 0798-1015 • eISSN: 2739-0071 (En línea) - Revista EspaciosVol. 44, Nº 03, Año 2023!
MALDONADO I.D. &
REYES D.M. «Optimización financiera del uso de drones en cultivos extensivos: caso
de estudio cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Trinidad, Casanare, Colombia»
Pag. 104
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